The execution of the Scottish independence fighter Sir William Wallace (above) was considered so important that even though it took place more than seven centuries ago, we know that it took place on precisely this date in 1305.

Wallace’s main argument in his own defense was that he needed no defense against the charge of treason because he had not committed treason—”I could not be a traitor to [King] Edward, for I was never his subject”—which was considered treasonous in itself. The manner of his execution was brutal and has not been performed in almost two centuries in Great Britain (which means that it was performed for almost five more centuries). Post-execution, Wallace’s body parts were displayed for decades after.
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On this date in 1902, the presidential motorcade was born.

In 1899, President William McKinley became the first president to ride in a car, a Stanley Steamer, but it was President Theodore Roosevelt who was the first to do so publicly. On August 22, 1902, while in Hartford, Connecticut, he rode in a Columbia Electric Victoria Phaeton. Because the car could reach thirteen miles per hour, the police could not keep up on foot, so they rode horses in front and bicycles alongside.

American automobile manufacturing was in its infancy in 1902, so designs were many and many designs were experimental/guesses at what might work or be popular: about half the cars on the market were electric and the other half gasoline-fueled. Roosevelt rode in a Hartford-built Columbia Electric Victoria Phaeton, which seated the driver in an external box behind the passengers at the rear of the car; two 20-volt batteries that totaled approximately 800 pounds; rubber tires; and car offered the driver four speeds, with the maximum speed thirteen miles an hour. The driver controlled the vehicle with a tiller, seen in the photo at top.
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Today is not the 175th birthday of the Venetian blind, but it is the 175th anniversary of John Hampson’s patent, “Manner of retaining in any desired position the slats of Venetian blinds” (Patent 2223). The inventor, who was based in New Orleans, developed a tool for holding the slats in place—which we still see in use in today’s blinds in the use of a rod to twist the slats to any desired angle.

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And more in Inventions Today: William Seward Burroughs I was awarded four patents on this date for his “Calculating-machine,” the invention of that led to his company, the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. (A model from the 1890s, above.)
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